Bruner

Concrete, Pictorial, Abstract
  • Used in Singapore Math (Singapore’s students have highest scores on math tests)
  • Constructivism - learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon existing knowledge.
  • Learning is an ACTIVE process.
CPA Method Explained:
CPA Method (aka CRA)

Montessori

  • Mixed age classroom,
  • Student choice of prescribed options,
  • uninterrupted blocks of work time,
  • constructivist model,
  • specialized educational materials,
  • freedom of movement,
  • trained Montessori teacher
Montessori Method Explained:
Montessori Method

Harvard-Smithsonian

Neuroscience & the Classroom: Making Connections
(Teacher Professional Development based on Research & Best Practice)
Active Experience reshapes the brain and makes connections (not passive experiences)

youcubed.com by Stanford

  • “6 year old’s finger representation was a better predictor of future mathematics success than their scores on tests of cognitive processing”
  • “…evidence from the science of the brain, showing the necessity and importance of visual thinking, and interestingly, finger representations- to all levels of mathematics”